The War of Succession: When Medinaceli Decided the Future of Spain

The Spanish War of Succession, a conflict that erupted in 1701 and lasted until 1714, was not just a struggle for the throne, but also a stage where the Ducal House of Medinaceli played a crucial role in Spain's destiny. In this article, we will explore how the dukes of Medinaceli, with their alliances and betrayals, became protagonists in a story marked by greatness and ruin, power and decline.

The Context of the War of Succession

The War of Succession began after the death without heirs of Charles II in 1700, a king whose weakness had undermined the Spanish monarchy. The dispute between the candidates for the crown, Philip of Anjou and Archduke Charles of Austria, intensified within a European context of intrigue. The Ducal House of Medinaceli, one of the oldest and most powerful in Spain, with roots dating back to the 14th century, became embroiled in this conflict.

The Medinaceli, a lineage that had accumulated titles, wealth, and lands over the centuries, faced a decisive crossroads. The duke of Medinaceli, who was at that time the eighth duke, was pressured to choose sides: should he support Philip V, the French candidate, or Archduke Charles, who had the backing of a coalition of European powers?

The Alliances of Medinaceli: Intrigues and Decisions

Historical documents reveal that the House of Medinaceli, known for its cunning, opted to support Philip V. This decision was not only political; it also represented a strategic move to preserve their influence at court and maintain their vast estate. With extensive lands in Andalusia, such as the Duchy of Medinaceli and the territories of the Marquises of Villanueva, supporting the French king seemed the most viable option to avoid decline.

However, the chroniclers of the time...